Under this general topic, actually two research groups with different focus are combined. The first one investigates Biomineralization principles and Biomimetic mineralization to learn more about the complex in vivo formation processes of hard tissues. Biomineralization is the process which living organisms use to synthesize highly sophisticated organic-inorganic hybrid structures like bone, teeth, shells and many more. These materials not only show physical properties which are so far superior to any synthetic material from similar components but furthermore, they show complex shapes, hierarchy and they are synthesized in aqueous environment with recyclable biocompatible components. In addition, recent research has shown that Nature does not exclusively apply the classical textbook crystallization mechanism but also uses an alternative crystallization pathway, which is based on the self organization of nanoparticles and which is called Non Classical Crystallization. Such self organization approach is a bottom up approach for the structuration of matter, which is at the heart of current research in Nanotechnology. This shows that there are many reasons to reveal the principles of Biomineralization and to adapt them to the crystallization control of synthetic materials and even take these principles beyond to the controlled organization of matter on the nanoscale in general.